In recent weeks, there have been reports of measles cases throughout the United States. According to The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are 378 confirmed measles cases in 18 jurisdictions, including Michigan. Susan Ringler-Cerniglia, MHP and the Communications and health Promotion Administrator at the Washtenaw County Health Department states that Washtenaw County hasn’t had a case of measles “in about a year”. However, with cases emerging nationwide, it’s important for the public to be aware of symptoms and what to do if they are exposed to measles.
What is measles?
Measles, also known as Rubeola, is a highly contagious viral infection that spreads easily through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Measles is dangerous because it can lead to complications such as encephalitis (brain swelling) and pneumonia.
Symptoms can appear within 7 to 10 days of being in contact with an infected individual. Measles is contagious up to four days before a rash appears and can be spread for about eight days. The infectious droplets can even linger in a room up to two hours after an infected person leaves the room. Measles is so contagious that up to 9 out of 10 people near the infected person will contract it if they aren’t protected from it.
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Common symptoms include:
- Runny nose
- Fevers that may reach over 104° F
- Cough
- Rash
- Watery/red eyes
- Diarrhea
- Ear infections.
- Prevention
Measles can be prevented with a series of two vaccinations that provides lifelong protection. The vaccine is called the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and is generally first given between ages 12 to 15 months and then at 4 to six years old.
If one is not vaccinated at childhood and contracts measles, Ringler-Cerniglia states that there is a “72-hour window” where a person can receive an immunoglobulin that can help lessen symptoms after exposure to measles. She also notes that there is no booster for the MMR vaccine.
Who is at risk?
People who are at risk for measles include:
- Infants and young children
- Pregnant women
- Unvaccinated individuals
- Frequent international travelers
Ringler-Cerniglia suggests the public check with their primary care doctor to make sure they’ve been vaccinated. If not, there is a blood test for antibodies one may take to see if they are immune to measles or have ever had it in their lifetime, alternatively, the vaccine series is still available and 97% effective at preventing measles.
With measles cases on the rise, it’s important to understand the risks, symptoms and prevention methods to protect yourself and others.
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles and its serious complications. If you’re unsure if you’ve been vaccinated, call your healthcare provider to make sure you’re protected. Public awareness and proactive measures can help stop the spread of this highly contagious virus.
